irrigation

Pakistan is a land of abundant natural resources. A country blessed with enchanting beauty. It has got all the natural wonder from hot dessert to freezing glaciers plains to mountain ranges coastal areas to forests beautiful lakes to long rivers. In Pakistan BECUASE water is scarce irrigation has become a neccessity. Both ground water and surface water is used for irrigation. Wells, tube wells and karez tap the ground water.canals diversion canals and sailable irrigation through flood water are used to re channel the surface water flowing into streams.

Lift irrigation:
One of the oldest method of irrigation in Pakistan is lift irrigation. In early times water was lifted by hand in a bucket attached to a shallow wells and ditches.BECUASE it involved a considerable amount of labour only a small area of land could be irrigated. 
An improved in this method was effected with the shaduf. The shaduf consists of a bucket suspended by a rope from one ends of a pole. A weight like a rock is placed at the other end of the pole. The pole is suspended on a y shaped post at a well or a river bank. The bucket is dipped into the water by hand and the weight at the other end of the pole helps to lift it up.

Tube wells: 
tube wells can tap water up to depths of several hundred meters and is operated by diesel or electric motors. In 1947 there were virtually no tube wells in Pakistan. The tube well emerged as an effective means of irrigation in 1953-54 when 0.2 million hectares of land were irrigated with this method. Since then it has made steady progress. From the mid 1960 to today tube wells have become the leading means of irrigation after canals. In 1999-2000 tube wells of very large tractas of land like canal irrigation........